SOLVED CLASS 10 SST SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER-1

Time Allowed : 3 Hours                                                                                                                                      Maximum Marks : 80

General Instructions :

• The question paper has 35 questions in ALL
• Marks are indicated against each
• Questions from serial number 1 to 20 are objective type Each question carries one mark. Answer them as instructed.
• Questions from serial number 21 to 28 are 3 marks Answer of these questions should not exceed 80 words each.
• Questions from serial number 29 to 34 are 5 marks Answer of these questions should not exceed 120 words each.
• Question number 35 is a map question of 6 marks with two parts-35 a. from History (2 marks) and 35 b. from Geography (4 marks).

CBSE Sample Papers 2020 All Subjects for 100 % marks

Section A                  

1. Match the following items given in column A with those in column

Ans : A −4 , B −1 , C −3 , D−2

2. Which one of the following is true regarding  how the new artists depicted liberty during the French Revolution?

• As a female figure with a torch of enlightenment in one hand and the Charter of Rights of Man in the other hand
• Blindfold woman carrying a pair of weighing
• The gold red and black tricolour
• Rays of the rising sun

Ans : (a) As a female figure with a torch of enlightenment in one hand and the Charter of Rights of Man in the other hand

The above figure is the symbol of

(a)  Power and authority       (b) Power and Justice

(c)  Justice and Liability       (d) Power and Liability

Ans : (a) Power and authority

4. Who allots a ‘symbol’ to the political parties ?

Ans : The Election Commission allots a symbol to the political parties.

5. In which Schedule of the Indian Constitution are the 22 Scheduled languages included ?
   • Tenth Schedule (b) Eighth Schedule

(c)  Twelfth Schedule              (d) Ninth Schedule

Ans : (b) Eighth Schedule

6. Complete the following table with the correct information regarding Indian national CONGRESS

Ans : A-1885

B-United progressive alliance

7. Consumption of energy in all forms has been rising all over the There is an urgent need to develop a sustainable path of energy development and energy saving. Suggest any one measures to solve this burning problem.

Ans : We can do one bit by using public transport systems instead of individual vehicle.

or

India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world. Yet we are not able to perform to our full potential. Suggest any one measure to get full potential.

Ans : India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world yet, we are not able to perform to our full potential largely due to high costs and limited availability of coking coal.

8. Correct the following statement and

Bokaro has emerged as the electronic capital of India.

Ans : Bengaluru has emerged as the electronic capital of India.

or

The television and mobile are two electronic media of mass communication.

Ans : The television and Radio are two electronic media of mass communication

9. Which one of the following option best signifies this cartoon?

• Bank lockers of corrupted leaders
• Poverty and unemployment
• Politics with in caste
• Caste unequality

Ans : (c) Politics with in  caste

10. is the finest iron ore with a very high content
of iron up to 70 percent.
Ans : Magnetite

or
………. refineries act as a ‘nodal industry’ for synthetic textile, fertiliser and numerous chemical industries.
Ans : Petroleum

Name any two West Indies cricketers who have their roots to indentured labour migrants from India ?

Ans : Ramnaresh Sarwan and Shivnaraine Chanderpaul

or

Define the term Proto-industrialisation.

Ans : Proto-industrialisation was the stage when large scale industrial production took place within houses in the absence of modern factories for international market.

11. What is secularism ?

Ans : Secularism means all religions are given the same respect and there is no state religion.

12. Which among the following statements about India’s Constitution is wrong? It

• prohibits discrimination on grounds of
• gives official status to one
• provides to all individuals freedom to profess any
• ensures equality of citizens within different religious

Ans : (b) gives official status to one religion.

13. The goods produced by exploiting natural resources comes under the category of ………. . Ans : Primary sector
14. When people produce a good by exploiting natural resources, it is known as
    • Tertiary sector (b) Secondary sector

(c)  Primary sector                   (d) Service sector

Ans : (c) Primary sector

15. ………. unemployment is a kind of unemployment in which some people look like being employed but are actually not employed

Ans : Disguised

or

………. sector is the part of a country’s economic system that is run by individuals and companies, rather than the government.

Ans : Private

17. Who among the following wrote Ninety Five Theses criticising many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church ?
    • Galileo Galileo (b) Martin Luther

(c)  Copernicus                          (d) Petrarch

Ans : (b) Martin Luther

18. Arrange the following cotton textile industries place in the direction of North to south

1. Kanpur
2. Indore
3. Coimbatore
4. Madurai

(a)  1, 2, 4, 3                               (b) 1, 2, 3,  4

(c)  4, 3, 2, 1                               (d) 3, 4, 2,  1

Ans : (b) 1, 2, 3, 4

19. In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option: Assertion (A) : Belgium and Spain has ‘holding together’

Reason (B) : A big country divides power between constituent states and national government.

• Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of
• Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of
• Assertion is true, but reason is FALSE
• Both assertion and reason are false

Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

20. The following table gives the GDP in rupees (crores) by the three sectors

The share of primary sector in above GDP table for 1980?

(a)  57.97                                      (b) 59.97

(c) 28.26                                      (d) 13.17

Ans : (a) 57.97

Section B

21. Some people think that democracy produces less efficient and effective government. Do you agree with their views ?

Ans : It is true that some  delay  is  bound  to  take  place  in democracy as it is based on deliberation and negotiation. It is also true that non-democratic rulers can be very quick and efficient in decision-making and implementation. But they may take decisions that are not acceptable to the people and are forced on them. On the other hand, because democratic governments follow procedures, their decisions may be more acceptable to the people and more effective. So I do not agree with the view that democracy is a less effective and an inefficient form of government.

or

Mention any four challenges faced by political parties in India ?

Ans :

• Lack of internal democracy within parties
• Challenge of dynastic succession
• Role of money and muscle power in parties, especially during election
• Parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters.

Dynastic succession means that the power remains in the hands of a few. They pass on this power to their family members, who may not have popular support or enough experience in politics and governance. In many parties, the top positions are always controlled by members of one family.

i. Explain the two important factors that shaped Indian politics during the 1920s. Ans : The first was the worldwide economic depression which brought the agricultural prices crashing down in India. Farmers could not sell their produce and the whole countryside was in turmoil.
ii. The British constituted a statutory commission in 1927 under Sir John Simon. The aim was to diffuse nationalism aroused by the Non-Cooperation Movement. The Commission was to look into the functioning of the constitutional system in India. It was an all-white commission, with not a single Indian member in it.

It set the political world in India on fire and led to Gandhiji starting the Civil Disobedience Movement.

or

“Method of reinterpretation of history was followed to encourage feeling of nationalism.” Give any three arguments to support this statement.

Ans : We love our nation and are proud of its achievements. To awaken the feeling of nationalism many things were practised but the main part was History writing. The Indians started writing glorious events of the past like the stories full of bravery, courage and patriotism. They started developing writing concerned with beautiful art and architecture, great spiritual heritage of India. Some personalities were presented as national heroes like — Shivaji, Maharana Pratap and others. So it developed into a nationalist style of history writing which revived the people’s pride in their past achievements.

23. Read the source below and answer the question that follows

SOURCE-A

‘A nation is the culmination of a long past of endeavours, sacrifice and devotion. A heroic past, great men, glory, that is the social capital upon which one bases a national idea. To have common glories in the past, to have a common will in the present, to have performed great deeds together, to wish to perform still more, these are the essential conditions of being a people. A nation is therefore a large-scale solidarity

… Its existence is a daily plebiscite … A province is its inhabitants; if anyone has the right to be consulted, it is the inhabitant. A nation never has any real interest in annexing or holding on to a country against its will. The existence of nations is a good thing, a necessity even. Their existence is a guarantee of liberty, which would be lost if the world had only one law and only one master’.

SOURCE-B

‘The aim of the zollverein is to bind the Germans economically into a nation. It will strengthen the nation materially as much by protecting its interests externally as by stimulating its internal productivity. It ought to awaken and raise national sentiment through a fusion of individual and provincial interests. The German people have realised that a free economic system is the only means to engender national feeling.’

SOURCE-C

‘Let us ask how many men, possessed by  thoughts   of living and dying for the sake of Liberty, would be prepared to fight for the freedom of the entire people, of all human beings? When asked this question, they would all too easily respond with a “Yes!”, though their untiring efforts are  intended  for  the  benefit  of only one half of humanity – men. But Liberty is indivisible! Free men therefore must not tolerate to be surrounded by the unfree …

SOURCE-A

23   (1) Explain the meanings of ‘Plebiscite’.           Ans : A direct vote by which all the people of a region are asked to accept or reject a proposal.

SOURCE-B

23   (2) What is theme of this passage?                      Ans : The theme of this passage is the free economic system.

SOURCE-C

23 (3) Is the writer in favour of giving equal rights to women or not?

Ans : Yes, the writer is in favour of granting equal rights to women.

24. Give reasons as to why the ideal location of sugar mills is near sugarcane producing areas. Support the statement with

Ans : Sugar industries are concentrated in the sugarcane producing areas:

• Sugarcane is a perishable good, it looses its sucrose content if delays in transportation occurs, so it needs to be in the nearby
• Sugarcane is bulky and perishable, so transportation cost
• Near it is to the production area, its production automatically
• In haulage, its sucrose content reduces

Challenges :

• Seasonal nature of the industry
• Old and inefficient methods of production
• Transport delays in reaching cane to the mills.
• Need to maximise the use of bagasse

or

Suggest any five measures to control industrial pollution in India.

Ans :

• Minimizing the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive
• Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements
• Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in to rivers and
• Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three
• Primary treatment by mechanical  means involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation, Secondary treatment by biological process, Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This Involves recycling of wastewater.
• Why is mica considered to be an indispensable mineral for the electronics industry? Mention the names of the main mica-producing areas of

Ans : Mica is a bad conductor of electricity. Due to its excellent dielectric strength, low power loss factor, insulating properties and resistance to high voltage, mica is an indispensable mineral for the electrical and electronics industries. Koderma-Gaya-Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand is the leading mica-producing area of India. In Rajasthan, the major mica-producing area is around Ajmer. In Andhra Pradesh, the Nellore mica belt is an important mica-producing area.

In which year was the unification of Italy completed ? Mention two features of the unification movement.  Ans : Unification of Italy was completed in the year 1870.

1. Despite formidable hurdles which beset the path of unification of Italy, the feeling of liberty, equality and patriotism could not remain suppressed among Italians for a long time. Many patriots, supporters of democracy, writers, philosophers and secret institutions resolved to launch a combined struggle to achieve liberty and unification for
2. Mazzini, Cavour and Garibaldi played a crucial role in the unification
3. Mention any three problems faced by cotton textile industries in India.

Ans : Three problems faced by cotton textile industries in India are as follows :

1. Power supply is erratic and machineries are They need to be upgraded, mainly in weaving and processing sectors.
2. Output of labour is
3. They face stiff competition from the synthetic fibre

or

‘Energy saved is energy produced’. Justify the statement by mentioning any six measures to conserve the energy resources.

Ans :

• Use public transport systems instead of individual vehicles.
• Switching off electricity when it is not in
• Using power saving
• Using non-conventional sources of
• Use of power saving electrical
• Minimum use of high power consuming electrical gadgets ie, air conditioner, room heaters

27. What do the banks do with the ‘public deposits’ ? Describe their working mechanism.

Ans : Banks accept deposits from the public and use the major portion of these deposits to extend loans. There is a huge demand for loans for various economic activities. Banks make use of these deposits to meet the loan requirement of the people  and  thereby  earn interest. This is, in fact, the main source of income of the banks. In this way, a bank acts as a mediator between those who have surplus funds (the depositors) and those who are in need of these funds (the borrowers). Banks charge a higher interest rate on loans than what they offer on deposits.

Section C

27. Write down important causes and effects of the Second World
28. Ans : The Second World War started in 1939 and continued up to 1945.

Causes:

Many factors caused the Second World War. The Great Depression of 1929, competition to acquire more and more colonies, extreme nationalism, failure of the League of Nations, rise of dictatorship in Germany and Italy under Hitler and Mussolini respectively were some of the important causes.

Effects:

1. About 3 per cent of the world’s population perished.
2. Two crucial developments shaped the post-war They were :
3. The emergence of USA and the USSR as superpowers. At least 6 million people died, and millions more were injured. Most of the deaths took place outside the More civilians   than   fighting   soldiers died. Vast parts of Europe and Asia were devastated and several cities were destroyed by aerial bombings. It caused enormous economic devastation and social disruption. Reconstruction was long and difficult.
4. The establishment of international organisations like the UNO, IMF and World Bank to maintain peace and

or

Explain any three problems faced by the Indian weavers by the turn of the 19th century.

Ans : The three problems faced by weavers by the turn of the 19th century were :

1. Decline in export market : By the 1860s insufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality affected the Indian Due to the American Civil War, the supply of raw cotton from USA had stopped. Britain turned to India for new cotton export. This resulted in price rise and the Indian weavers suffered. In the beginning of the 19th century, there was a sharp decline in Indian export of cotton piece exports. In 1811-12, 33% of exports were made in piece goods. In 1850-51, it was no more than 3%.
2. The British started dumping mill-made and machine-made British goods in India. British exports to India for textile goods increased from 31% to over 50% in the 1870s. The local markets collapsed as they were glutted with Manchester Machine-made goods were sold at lower prices and Indian weavers could not compete with them.
3. Another problem cropped up for At the end of the 19th century, India started producing cotton textiles in factories and punished the weavers for delays in supply, often beating and flogging them. The weavers lost the power to bargain for prices and sell to different buyers. The Company paid them a miserably low price. The loans tied them to the Company. It led to deserted villages and migration to other cities.

28. ‘The task of the native newspapers and political associations is identical to the role of the Opposition in the House of Commons in Parliament in England. That is of critically examining government policy to suggest improvements, by removing those parts that will not be to the benefit of the people, and also by ensuring speedy

These associations ought to carefully study the particular issues, gather diverse relevant information on the nation as well as on what are the possible and desirable improvements, and this will surely earn it considerable influence.’

What is the source of the above passage?

Ans : This extract has been taken from a newspaper ‘Native Opinion’.

What is the role of the native newspapers and political associations in democracy?

Ans : In a democracy, the task of native newspapers and political associations is identical to the role of the opposition in the House of Commons in Parliament in England.

How can these associations improve the outcome of a particular issue?

Ans : These associations can improve the outcome of a particular issue of carefully studying it, gather diverse relevant information, critically examine government policy and suggest improvements.

29, Mention four geographical requirements each for the growth of tea and sugar-cane.

Ans : Tea is the main beverage crop of India. Four geographical requirements for its growth are :

• The tea plant grows best in tropical and subtropical
• Tea bushes require warm and moist and frost-free climate with temperature between 20°C to 30°C and annual rainfall of 150 to 250
• Frequent showers evenly distributed over the year ensure continuous growth of tender
• Deep, fertile, well-drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter are ideal for its

Hence, gently rolling topography in uplands is favourable for its cultivation.

Four geographical conditions required for growth of sugar-cane are :

• Sugar-cane grows best in tropical and subtropical climate. It is an annual crop requiring a year for maturing.
• It grows well in hot and humid climate with temperature of 21°C to 27°C and an annual rainfall between 75 cm and 100
• Frost is injurious for the plant and rainfall before ripening decreases sucrose content. Hence, frost- free weather and short, cool, dry winter during ripening and harvesting are
• It can grow in a variety of soils, but clayey alluvial soil of northern plains and black soil in south are ideal for its

29. How does communalism create problems in politics?

Ans : Communalism creates problems in politics in the following ways:

1. The way one uses religion in politics is communal It creates problems when one sees religion as the basis of the nation.
2. When one religion considers itself superior to other
3. When there is discrimination against the followers of the other religion.
4. When state power is used to help one religion to dominate other religious
5. When the demands of one religious group are in opposition to each other.

30. Distinguish between primary sector and secondary sector.

Ans :

or

How do banks mediate between those who have surplus money and those who need Ans : People keep their surplus money in banks for safety and interest which is provided by  banks  to them.

Banks again keep only a small proportion of their cash with themselves. These day’s banks keep only 15% of the total deposits with them. Rest of the money banks keep extending as loans. Banks charge interest on loans which is higher than the interest on

This surplus interest becomes the source of income for the

The 15% of cash deposits which banks  keep  with them helps to carry on with, day-to-day Like every day, depositors come to withdraw some of their. (Any three)

31. Name the ore from which aluminium is Why is aluminium considered to be an important metal? Name the areas which have rich deposits of the ore of aluminium.

Ans : Aluminium is obtained mainly from bauxite. Though several ores contain aluminium, it is from bauxite, a reddish-brown, residual clay-like substance, that alumina and later aluminium is obtained. Bauxite deposits are formed by the decomposition of a wide variety of rocks rich in aluminium silicates. Aluminium is considered to be an important metal because of its properties and wide variety of uses.

• It combines the strength of metals such as iron with extreme So it is used for manufacturing of aircraft and transport vehicles.
• It has great It is used for construction purposes to make doors, windows, rods and for making utensils.
• It also has quality of good conductivity and is used in electrical

Rich deposits of bauxite, the ore of aluminium, are found mainly in the Amarkantak plateau, Maikal hills and the plateau region of Bilaspur-Katni in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Odisha is the leading producer accounting for about 45 per cent of the total bauxite production in the country.

Section D

MAP SKILL BASED QUESTION

32 (a) Two places (A) and (B) have  been  marked  on the given outline map of India. Identify them and write their correct Name on the line drawn near them.

• A place marked by a where the satyagraha movement of former took
• The place where Indian congress session was held in

32(b) On the same outline map of India locate and label any four of the following with suitable symbol

• Ramagundan-Thermal power plant
• Tarapur-Atomic power plant
• Indore-Cotton textile Industry center
• Bhilai-Iron and steel plant
• Hyderabad-Software technology park
• Paradip-Major see port

SOLVED SST SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER CLASS 10 CBSE – 2

SAMPLE PAPER-1

Time Allowed : 3 Hours 

Maximum Marks : 80

General Instructions :

• The question paper has 35 questions in
• Marks are indicated against each
• Questions from serial number 1 to 20 are objective type Each question carries one mark. Answer them as instructed.
• Questions from serial number 21 to 28 are 3 marks Answer of these questions should not exceed 80 words each.
• Questions from serial number 29 to 34 are 5 marks Answer of these questions should not exceed 120 words each.
• Question number 35 is a map question of 6 marks with two parts-35 a. from History (2 marks) and 35 b. from Geography (4 marks).

SECTION A

1. Match the [1]

Ans : 1 − c, 2 − b, 3 − d, 4 − a

2. A system of governance in which absolute power is exercised by an individual, unregulated by legal and constitutional checks is associated with [1]
   • Despotism (b) Nepotism (c) Marxism                       (d) Socialism

Ans : (a) Despotism

3.

In the above figure what was apartheid?                             [1]

• Former policy of racial segregation in South America
• Former policy of racial segregation is South Africa
• Poverty of South Africa
• State authority of the South Africa

Ans : (b) Former policy of racial segregation is South Africa

4. In which year Sri Lanka became an independent country? [1]

Ans :

Sri Lanka became an independent country in 1948.

5. Who was responsible for killing many innocent people at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar? [1]
   • General Campbell (b) General Hugh Ross (c) General Neil                 (d) General Dyer

Ans : (d) General Dyer

6. Complete the following table with the correct information regarding the distance between the two inner edges of the railway [1]

Ans :

A − 1.676 Metre

B − 0.762 and 0.610 Metre

7. “India is highly dependent on coal for meeting its commercial energy required”. Support the statement with one [1]

Ans :

Coal prudes a substantial part of the nation energy needs.

or

“Natural gas is an important source of energy”. Support this statement with one argument.

Ans :

Natural gas is considered as an environment friendly fuel.

8. Correct the following statement and rewrite :

The first clear cut expression of nationalism in America came with the French Revolution in 1789.[1]

Ans :

The first clear cut expression of nationalism in France came with the French Revolution in 1789.

or

Correct the following statement and rewrite :

Viceroy Irvin announced a vague offer of Dominion status for India in 1967.

Ans :

Viceroy Irvin announced a vague offer of Dominion status for India in 1929.

9. In the following cartoon which challenge to democracy is shown.                                                               [1]

• The challenge of organise independent and justified election
• The challenge of forming the government from military and keeping it free from
• Challenge to giving women equal rights in decision making rules
• The challenge of bringing undue control and influence on the democracy of the rich to a minimum

Ans : (b) The challenge of forming the government from military and keeping it free from bias.

10. When conservative regimes were restored to power, many liberal minded people went underground because of the fear of ………. . [1]

Ans : Repression

or

………. were the most serious nationalist tension in Europe after 1871.    [1]

Ans : Balkans

11. What are MNCs? [1]

Ans :

Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are large companies that operate in several countries at the same time.

or What is the monopoly of trade? Ans :

Monopoly of trade is the practice in which a country develops a system of management and control, eliminating competition, control costs and to ensure regular supply of products.

12. What do you understand by the term ‘Affidavit’ ? [1]

Ans :

It is a signed document submitted to an officer, where a person makes a sworn statement regarding her personal information.

13. Which one of the following is not true regarding Romanticism and National feeling in Europe? [1]
    • It was a cultural movement which sought to develop a particular form of nationalist

• The romantic artists and poets generally did not criticized the glorification of science and reason
• It focused on emotions and mystical feelings
• Its effort was to create a sense of collective heritage

Ans : (b) The romantic artists and poets generally did not criticized the glorification of science and reason

14. India, is the largest exporter of Jute after…………. [1]

Ans : Bangladesh

15. Which one of the following is true regarding how the new artists depicted liberty during the French Revolution? [1]
    • As a female figure with a torch of enlightenment in one hand and the Charter of Rights of Man in the other hand
    • Blindfold woman carrying a pair of weighing
    • The gold red and black tricolour
    • Rays of the rising sun

Ans : (a) As a female figure with a torch of enlightenment in one hand and the Charter of Rights of Man in the other hand

16. BMI stands for ………. . [1]

Ans : Body Mass Index

Ans : (a) i, ii, iii, iv

19. In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option:

Assertion (A) : Suppose the literacy rate in a state is 78% and the net attendance ratio in secondary stage is 47%.

Reason (R) : More than half of the students are going to other states for elementary education.            [1]

• Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of
• Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of
• Assertion is true, but reason is
• Both assertion and reason are

Ans : (c) Assertion is true, but reason is false.

20. [1]

or

Literacy rate in Bihar in the year 2001 was ……… .

Ans : 62%

17. When power is taken away from central and state governments and given to local government, it is called [1]
    • Distribution (b) Centralisation (c) Reorganisation             (d) Decentralisation

Ans : (d) Decentralisation

1. Arrange the following in the correct sequence [1]

• Champaran Satyagraha
• Kheda Satyagraha
• Ahmedabad Satyagraha
• Rowlatt Act

(a)  i, ii, iii, iv                      (b) iv, iii, ii, i   (c)  i, iii, ii, iv                      (d) iv, i, ii, iii

The largest producing sector in 1970-71 is

• Primary sector
• Tertiary sector
• Secondary sector
• Primary and Secondary both

Ans : (a) Primary sector

SECTION B

21. What are the steps taken by our Constitution to safeguard the different languages? [3] Ans :

Our Constitution identified Hindi as the official language but took many steps to safeguard the other languages. Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognised as scheduled languages by the Constitution. A candidate in an examination conducted for the central government positions may take the examination in any of the languages. States also have their own official languages, and most of the government work takes place in the official language of the concerned state.

or

What is the first thing the Election Commission does after recognising a party? Does it treat every party as equal?

Ans :

It allots a ‘symbol’ to the parties. It has to treat every party as equal, but it offers some special facilities to large and established parties. These parties are given a unique symbol and only the official candidates of that party can use that symbol. For example, the Hand is the symbol of only the Congress Party and the Lotus of the BJP. Parties which have these benefits are called recognised national political parties.

22. What was the objective of Simon Commission? Why was it opposed in India?                                       [3]

Ans :

The effects of the worldwide economic depression in the late 1920s were severely felt in the countryside in India. Against this background the new Tory government in Britain constituted a statutory commission under Sir John Simon. Set up in response to the nationalist movement, the Commission was to look into the functioning of the constitutional system in India and suggest changes. But the problem was that the Commission did not have a single Indian member. All members were British. When the Commission arrived in India in 1928, it was greeted with the slogan, ‘Go Back Simon’. All parties, including the Congress and the Muslim League, opposed it and participated in the demonstrations.

or

When and where Khilafat Committee was formed? What was its objective?

Ans :

The Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919. Mahatma Gandhi felt the need to launch a broad-based movement to defend the Khalifa’s temporal powers and to oppose the harsh treaty imposed on the Ottoman empire after the First World War. Gandhiji saw the Khilafat movement as a great opportunity to bring Hindu and Muslim communities together under the umbrella of a unified national movement.

23. Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follows- [3]

Source A : Idea of Satyagraha

‘Satyagraha is not physical force. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction ….. In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill-will whatever.

‘Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why this force is called satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge. In it burns the flame of love ….. Non-violence is the supreme dharma …..

‘It is certain that India cannot rival Britain or Europe in force of arms. The British worship the war- god and they can all of them become, as they are becoming, bearers of arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry arms. They have made the religion of non-violence their own ’

Source – B : Great leader-Jawaharlal Nehru

On 6 January 1921, the police in United Provinces fired at peasants near Rae Bareli, Jawaharlal Nehru wanted to go to the place of firing, but was stopped by the police. Agitated and angry, Nehru addressed the peasants who gathered around him. This is how he later described the meeting:

‘They behaved as brave men, calm and unruffled in the face of danger. I do not know how they felt but I know what my feelings were. For a moment my blood was up, non-violence was almost forgotten-but for a moment only. The thought of the great leader, who by the God’s goodness has been sent to lead us to victory, came to me, and I saw the kisans seated and standing near me, less exited, more peaceful than

I was – and the moment of weakness passed, I spoke to them in all humility on non-violence – I needed the lesson more than they – and they heeded me and peacefully dispersed’.

Source -C : The Independence Day Pledge, 26 January 1930

‘We believe that it is the inalienable right of the Indian people, as of any other people, to have freedom and to enjoy the fruits of their toil and have the necessities of life, so that they may have full opportunities of growth. We believe

also that if any government deprives a people of these rights and oppresses them, the people have a further right to alter it or to abolish it. The British Government in India has not only deprived the Indian people of their freedom but has based itself on the exploitation of the masses, and has ruined India economically, politically, culturally, and spiritually. We believe, therefore, that India must sever the British connection and attain Purna Swaraj or Complete Independence.’ Source -A : Idea of Satyagraha

23 (1) What do the British worship?                    [1]

Ans : The British worship the war-god, as they are becoming bearers of arms.

Source -B : Great leader-Jawaharlal Nehru

23 (2) What is the source of the above passage? [1] Ans : The source of the above passage is A Biography, Vol. I. Jawaharlal Nehru by Sarvapalli Gopal.

Source -C : The Independence Day Pledge, 26 January 1930

23 (3) What do you mean by purna Swaraj? [1] Ans : The Purna Swaraj declaration, or declaration of the Independence of India was promulgated by

the Indian National Congress on January 26, 1930, resolving the congress and Indian Nationalists to fight for Purna Swaraj, or complete self rule Independent of the British Empire.

24. “Great depression was caused by a combination of several ” Examine the statement. [3]

Ans :

The Great Depression was caused by a combination of several factors. Some of them were as follows : Condition created  by  the  Word  War  I  :  During  the World War I, there was an immense industrial expansion in the context of large demand of goods related to war machinery. After the war, the industries went on producing goods at the period of war level. However, the steep and sharp decline in demands for non-related products led to economic depression.

Over-production in Agriculture : First, agricultural overproduction remained a problem. This was made worse by falling agricultural prices. As prices slumped and agricultural incomes declined, farmers tried to expand production and bring a larger volume of produce to the market to maintain their overall income. This worsened the glut in the market, pushing down prices even further. Farm produce rotted for a lack of buyers.

Shortage of Loans : Second, in the mid-1920s, many countries financed their investments through loans from the US. While it was often extremely easy to raise loans in the US when the going was good, US overseas lenders panicked at the first sign of trouble. In the first half of 1928, US overseas loans amounted to over $ 1 billion. A year later it was one quarter of that amount. Countries that depended crucially on US loans now faced an acute crisis.

Other Factors : The withdrawal of US loans affected much of the rest of the world, though in different ways. In Europe it led to the failure of some major banks and the collapse of currencies such as the British pound sterling. In Latin America and elsewhere it economy in the depression by doubling import duties also dealt another severe blow to world trade.

or

The indentured labour gave rise to new culture in the Caribbean’. Justify this statement with three examples.  [3]

Ans :

Cultural fusion’ comes to exist when two or more different cultures intermingle and interact with each other and give birth to a new culture which inherits the features of both the cultures.

The life of the indentured labour was very harsh, troublesome and difficult. This forced them to seek new avenues of comfort, ease and relaxation. As such, they developed new means to make their life worth- living. Some means and methods they adopted were as follows :

1. In Trinidad the annual Muharram procession was transformed into a riotous carnival called ‘Hosay’ (for Imam Hussain) in which workers of all races and religions
2. Similarly, the protest religion of Rastafarianism (made famous by the Jamaican reggae star Bob Marley) is also said to reflect social and cultural links with Indian migrants to the
3. Chutney music’, popular in Trinidad and Guyana, is another creative contemporary expression of the post-indenture

25. How was Italy unified? [3]

Ans :

The failure of revolutionary uprisings both in 1831 and 1848 meant that the mantle now fell on Sardinia- Piedmont under its ruler, King Victor Emmanuel II, to unify the Italian states through war. Chief Minister Cavour who led the movement to unify the regions of Italy was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat. By a tactful diplomatic alliance with France engineered by Cavour, Sardinia-Piedmont succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859. Regular troops and a large number of armed volunteers under the leadership of Garibaldi joined the fray. In 1860, they marched into South Italy and the Kingdom of the two Sicilies and succeeded in winning the support of the local peasants in order to drive out the Spanish rulers. In 1861 Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed the king of United Italy. In 1867, Garibaldi led an army of volunteers to fight the Papal states where a French garrison was stationed but he was defeated. It was only in 1870 that Papal states joined Italy.

26. Why does the pattern of net sown area vary from one state to another?                                                      [3]

Ans :

On account of the vast expanse of India, its relief, climate, soil and socio-economic set-up, net sown area varies from region to region. The pattern of net sown area is over 80 per cent of the total area in Punjab and Haryana. Geographical conditions like climate and soil here are favourable for cultivation. Further, due to agricultural advancement through Green Revolution, more areas have been brought under cultivation. On the other hand, less than 10 per cent of the total area is net sown area in Manipur, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Topographical constraints, unfavourable climate and socio-economic reasons account for the low proportion of net sown areas in these states.

27. Which type of soil is ideal for growth of cotton? What are the main characteristics of this type of soil? [3] Ans :

Black soil, primarily of the Deccan Trap region, is ideal for the growth of cotton. This soil type is also known as black cotton soil for this reason.

Black soil is well known for its moisture or water retaining capacity because it is clayey in nature. It is rich in soil nutrients, such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime but generally poor in phosphoric contents.

On account of its clayey nature, black soil develops deep cracks in the hot dry season. This aids proper aeration of the soil. This soil becomes sticky when wet and difficult to work unless tilled immediately after the first shower during the pre-monsoon period.

or

Explain why the use of non-conventional sources of energy is becoming necessary in our country? Give three reasons.

Ans :

The use of non-conventional sources of energy is becoming necessary in our country for the following reasons.

1. Rising prices of oil and
2. To lessen environmental
3. As a renewable source of

Our country has become increasingly dependent on fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas. Rising prices of oil and gas and their potential shortages have increased uncertainty.

28. Describe the power-sharing mechanism in

[3]

Ans :

As per the agreement

1. President must belong to the Maronite sect of Catholic Christi
2. The Prime Minister must be from the Sunni Muslim
3. The post of Deputy Prime Minister is fixed for Orthodox Christian sect and that of the Speaker for Shia
4. The Christians agreed not to seek French protection and the Muslims agreed not to seek unification with

SECTION C

29. Explain the challenges faced by Indian democracy while holding free and fair [5] Ans :
    1. Caste-ism and communal-ism : Voters in India vote on the basis of caste and religion. They do not consider the ability of the In the same way, parties are affected by caste and community. They give tickets based on the above consideration and not the ability.
    2. Money power : A lot of money is spent by parties and candidates to win the favour of the They try to buy votes by wooing the poor, the illiterate and lower classes. The ordinary citizens cannot contest elections.
    3. Unfair advantage lies with bigger parties : They have more resources as compared to smaller parties and independent
    4. Voters have no choice : There is sometime no difference in the agenda of different It is only a clash of personalities and voter has no choice.
    5. Politicians misuse government machinery during

or

Why does the exact balance of power between the central and the state governments vary from one federation to another? Explain with two examples.

Ans :

The exact balance of power between the central and the state governments varies from one federation to another. There are two kinds or two ways in which federations have been formed :

1. The first example is where independent states come together on their own to form a bigger They, by pooling sovereignty and retaining identity, can increase their security. This type of coming together federations include USA, Switzerland and Australia. In this first category, all the constituent states usually have equal powers and are strong vis-a-vis the federal government.
2. The second category is where al large country decides to divide its powers between the constituent states and the national India, Spain and Belgium are examples of this kind of holding together federations. In this second category, the central government is more powerful vis-a-vis the states. Very often different constituted units of the federation have unequal powers. Some units may be granted special powers.
3. Read the extract and answer the questions that follows

:                                                                          [5]

‘The enormous expanse of Bombay city; its great and palatial private and governmental mansions; broad streets which accommodate up to six carriages abreast the struggle to enter the merchants lanes;

the frequent troublesome noise of passenger and goods trains whistles and wheels; the wearisome bargaining in every market, by customers who wander from place to place making enquiries with silver and notes in their pockets to buy a variety of commodities; the throngs of thousands of boats visible in the harbour   the more

or less rushed pace of official and private employees going to work, checking their watches  The clouds

of black smoke emitted by factory chimneys and the nose of large machines in the innards of buildings …..

Men and women with and without families belonging to every caste and rank travelling in carriages or horseback or on foot, to take the air and enjoy a drive along the sea shore in the slanting rays of the sun as it descends on the horizon ’

30 (1) Give the source of this passage.

Ans : This passage has been taken from ‘The Obverse Side of British Rule or our Dire Poverty’ by G.G. Agarkar.

30 (2) Give some features of the city of Bombay.

Ans : Some main features of Bombay city are :

1. Its vast expanse;
2. Its great and palatial private and governmental mansions;
3. Its great and palatial private and governmental mansions;
4. Its broad streets which accommodate up to six carriages abreast;
5. Frequent troublesome noise of passengers and goods trains whistles and

30 (3) Give any three activities of the people in Bombay city.

Ans : Some activities of the people in Bombay city are :

1. Customers wandering from place to place to buy variety of
2. Officials and private employees going to
3. Men and women of every colour and hue travelling, in carriages of horsebacks or on foot along the sea
4. Explain any four ways in which multinational corporations have spread their [5] Ans :

The multinational corporations have spread their production and interaction with local producers in the following ways :

1. Setting up production jointly with local They provide money for additional investments like buying new machines for faster production.
2. The MNCs provide efficient managerial and advanced technology for faster production and efficient use of
3. They have increased their investments over the past 15 years. Large MNCs place orders for production with small, local producers. The local companies supplying raw material to these industries have
4. Many MNCs buy up local companies and expand For example, Cargill Foods, an American MNC, bought up Parakh Foods.

Thus, we see that MNCs are spreading production and interaction with local producers by

Setting up partnerships,

Using local companies for supplies and

Closely competing with local companies or buying them up.

32. Discuss the merits and demerits of two-party system and multi-party [5]

Ans :

In some countries, there are only two main parties and power changes hands between them only. They are the only ones who can win seats in elections. There may be other parties and they may win a small number of seats, but never enough to form a government. The United States of America and United Kingdom are examples of the two-party system. Two-party system leads to formation of a stable government but it negates representational or various opinions, interests. In a multi-party system, three or more parties have a chance to win elections and gain control of the government. In a multi-party system, groups come to power on their own strength or in alliance with others. In India various parties have come together in a coalition. Two major coalitions UPA and NDA have formed governments at centre. This system is followed in India, France and Denmark. This system gives a chance to various interests and concerns, to gain representation. This system appears very messy and can sometimes lead to instability, as many parties

cannot pull together.

33. How do formal and informal sources of credit differ from each [5]

or

How does the Reserve Bank of India supervise the functioning of banks? Why is this necessary?

Ans :

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) supervises the banks in the following ways :

Ans :

1. It monitors the balance kept by banks for day-to- day transactions
2.  

• It checks that the banks give loans not just to profit-making businesses and traders but also to small

1. Periodically banks have to give details about lending, borrowing and interest rate to It is necessary for securing public welfare. It prohibits the bank from running the business with profit motive only. It also keeps a check on interest rate of credit facilities provided by bank. RBI makes sure that the loans from the banks are affordable and cheap.

34. Name the ore from which aluminium is Why is aluminium considered to be an important metal? Name the areas which have rich deposits of the ore of aluminium. [5]

Ans :

Aluminium is obtained mainly from bauxite. Though several ores contain aluminium, it is from bauxite, a reddish-brown, residual clay-like substance, that alumina and later aluminium is obtained. Bauxite deposits are formed by the decomposition of a wide variety of rocks rich in aluminium silicates. Aluminium is considered to be an important metal because of its properties and wide variety of uses.

1. It combines the strength of metals such as iron with extreme So it is used for manufacturing of aircraft and transport vehicles.
2. It has great It is used for construction purposes to make doors, windows, rods and for making utensils.
3. It also has quality of good conductivity and is used in electrical

Rich deposits of bauxite, the ore of aluminium, are found mainly in the Amarkantak plateau, Maikal

hills and the plateau region of Bilaspur-Katni in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Odisha is the leading producer accounting for about 45 per cent of the total bauxite production in the country.

Map Skill Based Question

35. Locate and label the following in the given outline political map of India.    [6]

• The place where Jallianwala Bagh massacre took
• The place where Indian National Congress Session was held in

1. On the same outline map of India locate and label

any four of the following with suitable Symbols.

• Forest and mountainous soil
• Alluvial soil
• Red and yellow soil
• Black soil
• Laterite soil
• Arid soil

Ans :

a. (b)

SOLVED SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER for SST Class 10 CBSE – 3

CLASS X (2019-20) SOCIAL SCIENCE (CODE 087)

Time Allowed : 3 Hours                                                                                                                                      Maximum Marks : 80

General Instructions :

• The question paper has 35 questions in
• Marks are indicated against each
• Questions from serial number 1 to 20 are objective type Each question carries one mark. Answer them as instructed.
• Questions from serial number 21 to 28 are 3 marks Answer of these questions should not exceed 80 words each.
• Questions from serial number 29 to 34 are 5 marks Answer of these questions should not exceed 120 words each.
• Question number 35 is a map question of 6 marks with two parts-35 a. from History (2 marks) and 35 b. from Geography (4 marks).

Section-A

1. Match the following items given in column A with those in column B      [1]

2. Which of the following is a negative effect of industrialisation? [1]
(a) Economic growth
(b) Rapid Urbanisation
(c) Pollution
(d) Foreign exchange earnings
Ans : (c) Pollution

3. Which of the following aspects is best illustrates of this picture?

• Deteriorating family relations
• Cultural import of the west
• Representation of traditional roles
• Respect of women in the family

Ans : (b) Cultural import of the west

4. Which language is spoken by the majority of Belgians? [1]

Ans : A − 3, B − 4, C −2 , D− 1

5. ‘The Poona Pact’ took place in                                      [1]
   • August 1933   (b) September 1932    (c)  July 1933                             (d) May 1932

Ans : (b) September 1932

6. Complete the following table by writing the values of A and B in the [1]

Ans :

A-10,000 B-10,000

7. Crude oil reserves are limited all over the If people continue to extract it at the present rate, the reserves would last only 35-40 year more. Suggest any one way to solve this problem.                                                            [1]

Ans :

Drive at a constant and moderate speed as far as possible. Driving at a high speed or slow speed wastes a lot of fuel.

8. Correct the following statement and

The highest institution of Panchayati Raj in rural area is the high court.       [1]

Ans :

The highest institution of Panchayati Raj in rural area is the Zila Parished.

or

EDI is used to measure level of development of a country.

Ans :

HDI is used to measure level of development of a country.

9. Which one of the following option best signifies this cartoon? [1]

• Secular Governance
• Caste discrimination
• Problem of apartheid
• Gender discrimination

Ans : (a) Secular Governance

10. The state governments are required to share some power and with local governments bodies .Ans : revenue

11. After 1990, there was the rise of regional political parties as well as the beginning of era of              at

the centre.

Ans : Coalition Governments

11. Who were the indentured labourers ? [1]

Ans :

Indentured labourers were bonded labourers who were transferable to any countries on contract for a specific amount of wage and time.

or

Who invented the Spinning Jenny ?                           [1]

Ans :

Spinning Jenny was invented by James Hargreaves in 1764.

12. When was the Communist Party of India formed? [1]

Ans :

The Communist Party of India was formed in 1925.

13. Which of the following is not a feature of communal- ism? [1]

• Communal politics is based on the idea that religion is the principal basis of social
• Religion is seen as the basis of
• Beliefs of one religion are presented as superior to those of other
• The followers of a particular religion can belong to different communities

Ans : (d) The followers of a particular religion can belong to different communities

14. Kharif crops  are  grown  with  on  set  of………….. in different parts of country.                                               [1]

Ans : Mansoon.

15. Which of the following subjects is included in the Concurrent List? [1]
    • Banking (b) Trade (c)  Police  (d) Education

Ans : (d) Education

16. The main criterion used by the world Bank in classifying different countries is average ………. [1] Ans : per capita or average.

or

………. is a inoventary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period.

Ans : GDP (Gross domestic product)

17. The most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871 was the area called the [1]
    • Balkans (b) Northeastern France    (c) Nottinghamshire              (d) Milan

Ans : (a) Balkans

18. Arrange the following iron ore mines in the direction of North to South.      [1]

1. Bailadila   2. Durg   3. Mayurbhanj    4. Bellary

(a)  3,  2, 1, 4                               (b) 1, 2, 3,  4

(c)  4, 3, 2, 1                               (d) 1, 2, 4,  3

Ans : (a) 3, 2, 1, 4

or

Arrange the following party according to its foundation year.

1. Indian National congress
2. Bharatiya Janta Party
3. Bahujan Samaj Party
4. Communist Party of India

(a)  1,  4, 2, 3     (b) 1, 2, 3,  4   (c)  4, 3, 2, 1   (d) 3, 4, 2,  1

Ans : (a) 1, 4, 2, 3

19. In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option: [1] Assertion (A) : An individual who manufactures flour from wheat is engaged in primary

Reason (R) : When some process of manufacturing is used the product is a part of secondary sector.

• Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of
• Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of
• Assertion is true, but reason is false
• Both assertion and reason are false

Ans : (d) Both assertion and reason are false.

20. The following table shows source of rural households in India in the year [1]

Analyzing the table above, what is the share of formal sector in total credit?

(a)  25%      (b) 27%  (c)  52%     (d) 18%

Ans : (c) 52%

Section B

21. How and when nationalism captures the hearts and minds of people ? [3]

Ans :

When people begin to believe strongly that they are part of the same nation. Also, when they discover common bonds that unite them, when they share the same struggles and have a common folklore, history and culture, then nationalism grips their hearts and

minds. Nationalism is based on common heroic past of endeavours, sacrifices and devotion to the country. or

How did the non-cooperation become a movement ? Explain ?         [3]

Ans :

Mahatma Gandhi proposed that the movement should advance in stages. It should begin with the surrender of titles awarded by the government, and  a boycott of civil services, army, police, courts, legislative councils, schools—all institutions of the British Raj. Then foreign goods would be boycotted and burnt. In case the government used repression, a full civil disobedience campaign would be launched. During the summer of 1920 Mahatma Gandhi and the Ali brothers toured the nook and corners of India, mobilising popular support for the movement. At the Congress session at Nagpur in December 1920, the Non-Cooperation programme was adopted. The Non- Cooperation-Khilafat movement began in January 1921. Various social groups participated in this movement which spread all over towns, cities and in rural areas of India.

22. What are the conditions under which democracies accommodate social diversities ? [3] Ans :

• The majority always needs to work with the minority so that governments function to represent the general
• It is necessary that rule by majority does not become rule by majority  community  in  terms of religion, race, linguistic group, etc. Different persons or groups should be allowed to form a government as a result of an election conducted.
• Democracies accommodates diversities based on religion, class and

or

No system is ideal for all countries and all situations. Explain.

Ans :

No system is ideal for all countries and in all situations because party system is not something any country can choose. It evolves over a long time, depending on the nature of society, its social and regional divisions, its history of politics and its system of elections. Each country develops a party system that is conditioned by its special circumstances.

23. Read the source below and answer the question that follows

SOURCE-A

‘From the depredation of a lawless Banditti of colliers and their wives, for the  wives  had  lost  their work to spinning engines … they advanced at first with much insolence, avowing their intention of cutting to pieces the machine, lately introduced in the woollen manufacture; which they suppose, if generally adopted, will lessen the demand for manual labour. The women became clamorous. The men were more open to conviction and after some expostulation  were induced to desist from their purpose and return peacefully home.’

SOURCE-B

‘It appears that twenty years ago, a brisk trade was carried on in the manufacture of cloth at Jahanabad and Bihar, which has in the former place entirely ceased, while in the latter the amount of manufacture is very limited, in consequence of the cheap and durable goods from Manchester with which the Native manufactures are unable to compete.’

SOURCE-C

‘The Koshtis, like the weavers of the finer kinds of cloth in other parts of India, have fallen upon evil times. They are unable to compete with the showy goods, which Manchester sends in such profusion and they have of late years emigrated in great numbers, chiefly to Berar, where as day labourers they are able to obtain wages…’

SOURCE-A

23 (1) What made the women to make strong protest? Why?              [1]

Ans : The introduction of Spinning Jenny, made the women to make strong protest as they feared they would lose their jobs.

SOURCE-B

23 (2) Give any one main reason for the decline of India’s textile industry, according to the author.

[1]

Ans : Indian textile industry declined because of the cheap and durable goods from Manchester (England) which were flooding the Indian markets.

SOURCE-C

23 (3) Why did the Indian cloth market decline. [1] Ans : The  Indian  cloth  market  declined  due   to  the showy goods that flooded the markets from

Manchester.

24. “Culture had played an important role in the development of nationalism in Europe during eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.” Support the statement with [3]

Ans :

• Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation, art and poetry, stories and music helped to express and shape nationalist feelings.
• Emotions, intuition and mystical feelings were not
• Their effort was to shared collective heritage, a common cultural past, as the basis of a
• They criticized the glorification of reason and
• German philosopher Johann Gottfried popularised true spirit of nation through folk songs, folk poetry and folk

or

“Nationalism no longer retained its idealistic liberal democratic sentiment by the last quarter of the nineteenth century in Europe.” Analyse the statement with examples.

Ans :

Nationalism in Europe- The Balkans:

• During this period, nationalist groups become increasingly intolerant of each
• Manipulations of the nationalist aspirations were
• The Balkan was under the control of the Ottoman Empire.
• Ideas of romantic nationalism spread in the
• They claimed for independence or political rights on nationality and used history to prove that they had once been independent but had subsequently been subjugated by foreign
• Russia, Germany, England, Austria-hungry were keen on countering the hold of other powers over the
• This led to a series of wars in the region and finally the First World
• Write a short note on one-party [3]

Ans :

One-party system is followed in China, North Korea and Cuba. This system was also prevalent in the USSR till its break up into 15 independent states. They are mostly communist countries. There is no competition in this system. The lone party nominates candidates and the voters have to say “yes” or “no” only against the name of the candidates. They have another choice of not voting at all. One-party system is popular in communist or authoritarian countries. Supporters of one-party system claim that this system helps the government in mobilising the talents of all citizens towards a common goal.

But this system limits the choices and freedom  of the citizens, hence it is not a good system for a  democracy. In democracy people must have at least two parties to choose from.

26. Why are petroleum refineries termed as ‘nodal industries’ ? [3]

Ans :

Petroleum refineries act as a ‘nodal industry’ for synthetic textile, fertiliser and numerous chemical industries. During fractional distillation of mineral oil, apart from petrol, diesel  and  kerosene  which  act as fuel, a number of by-products like naphtha, phenyl, paraffin wax, asphalt or tar and a number     of petrochemicals are obtained. Chemical fertilisers, insecticides and chemicals, artificial fibres and artificial rubber are products of petrochemicals. Thus, petrochemicals, provide raw materials for fertilisers, numerous chemicals, synthetic textiles, synthetic rubber and plastic industries.

27. Why are metalled roads better than unmetalled roads? What is the role of border roads and national highways in transportation ? [3]

Ans :

Metalled roads are made of either cement, concrete or even bitumen of coal and are therefore more durable than unmetalled roads. Unmetalled roads go out of use in rainy season. They are not durable. Border roads play an important role in connecting strategically important difficult areas and help in the economic development of the area. National Highways are the primary road system which links various parts of the country. They provide the backbone of transportation. or

Explain three factors that make minerals extraction commercially viable.    [3]

Ans :

1. The mineral content of the ore must be in sufficient
2. The type of formation or structure determine the relative ease with which mineral ores are Extraction should not be too difficult.

• The cost of extraction of the minerals must be less than the value of

28. Why were the 1830s called the years of great economic hardship in Europe? Give any three [3] Ans :

The 1830s were called the year of great economic hardship in Europe.

1. During the first half of the nineteenth century there was an enormous growth of population requiring lakhs of jobs. Due to the rise of population, unemployment also
2. The job seekers or unemployed people migrated from villages to cities where they lived in overcrowded slums. Small producers in towns faced stiff competition from import of cheap goods from

• Peasants struggled under the burden of feudal dues and obligations. The rise of food prices or  a year of bad harvest led to widespread

Section C

29. Write a short note on the developments or innovations in the printing technology in the 19th [5] Ans :

There were a series of innovations in the printing technology in the 19th century.

1. Richard Hoe of New York perfected the power- driven cylindrical press. He could print 8000 sheets per hour. His press was very useful for printing newspapers.
2. The late 19th century saw the development of offset press capable of printing six colours at a time.

• Electrically-operated press in the early 20th century increased the rate of printing

1. Methods of feeding paper improved, quality of plates became better, machines were fed automatic paper reels and photoelectric controls of colour register were

or

How did French territory undergo changes due to the Treaty  of Vienna in 1815 ?     [5] Ans :

Representatives of European powers, i.e. Austria, Britain, Russia and Prussia, met at Vienna in 1815 after having defeated Napoleon. The Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich was the head of the Congress. Here the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 was drawn up to undo the changes after the Napoleonic wars. Thus the Bourbon

dynasty, deposed during the French Revolution, was put back in power even as France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon.

To prevent every future expansion of France, many states were set up on France’s boundaries. So the kingdom of Netherlands including Belgium came up in the north, while Genoa came together with Piedmont in the south. Prussia received some important new territories on its western frontiers. Austria gained control of northern Italy. The 39 states in the German Confederation as set up by Napoleon underwent no changes. In the east, Russia received a part of Poland and Prussia received a part of Saxony.

The objective was to restore the monarchies overthrown by Napoleon and create a new conservative order in Europe.

30. Read the extract and answer that follows [5]
    ‘The enormous expanse of Bombay city; its  great  and palatial private and governmental mansions; broad streets which accommodate up to six carriages abreast … the struggle to enter the merchants lanes; the frequent troublesome noise of passenger and goods trains whistles and wheels; the wearisome bargaining in every market, by customers who wander from place to place making enquiries with silver and notes in their pockets to by a variety of commodities; the throngs of thousands of boats visible in the harbour … the more or less rushed pace of official and private employees going to work, checking their watches … The clouds of black some emitted by factory chimneys and the noise of large machines in the inwards of buildings… Men and women with and without families belonging to every caste and rank travelling in carriages or horseback or on foot, to take the air and enjoy a drive along the sea shore in the slanting rays of the sun as it descends on the horizon …’

• What is the source of this passage?

Ans : This passage is taken from ‘The Obverse Side of British Ruler or Out Dire Poverty’ by G.G. Agarkar.

• Give some key features of the city of

Ans : Main features of Bombay City :

• Its vast
• Its great and palatial private and governmental
• Its broad streets
• Frequent troublesome noise of passengers and goods trains whistles and
• Mention any three activities of the people in the people in the city.

Ans : Activities of the people in the city.

• Customers wandering from place to place to buy varieties of
• Officials and private employees going to
• Men and women travelling in carriages or horsebacks or on foot along the sea

31. Do you agree with the view that casteism has not disappeared from Indian society ? [5]

Ans :

Although the old barriers of caste system are breaking down, casteism still continues to be there in the Indian society. Some of the older aspects of caste system have persisted :

• Even now most people many within their own caste or
• Untouchability has not ended completely, despite the constitutional provisions to prohibit
• Effects of centuries of advantages and disadvantages continue to be felt For example, the caste groups that had access to education under the old system, have done very well in acquiring modern education as well, while those that were prohibited have lagged behind.
• Caste continues to be closely linked to economic status.
• There is ‘caste in politics’ and ‘politics in caste’.

32. Why is the tertiary sector becoming so important in India? Give [51

Ans :

• Almost all the basic services are included in tertiary sector. The government has to take responsibility for provision of these
• Greater development of the primary and secondary sectors has created more demand for
• As income levels have risen, affluent sections have been availing more services like eating out, tourism, shopping, private hospitals and schools,
• Over the past few decades there has been vast expansion of services based on information and communication

33. What makes India a federation ? [5]

Ans :

The Constitution declared India as a Union of states. The following points clearly show that the Indian Union is based on the principles of federalism –

• The Constitution clearly provided a three-fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union government and the State governments in the three lists—Union, State and Concurrent
• Sources of revenue for each level of government are clearly specified to ensure its financial .
• This sharing of power is basic to the structure of the Constitution, and it cannot be changed by Parliament; it has to be ratified by at least half of the state
• In a federation, judiciary solves the disputes between different levels of government. In any such case of a dispute, the High Courts and the Supreme Court make a

or

In which way does the language policy in India help our country avoid the situation that Sri Lanka is in today ?         [5]

Ans :

Our Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language. Although Hindi was identified as the official language, there were many safeguards to protect other languages.

According to the Constitution, the use of English for official purpose was to stop in 1965. However, many non- Hindi speaking states demanded that the use of English should continue. The Central government decided to

continue the use of English alongwith Hindi for official purposes. Hindi is not imposed on states where people speak a different language. The flexibility shown by Indian political leaders helped our country avoid the kind of situation that Shri Lanka finds itself in. In Sri Lanka, the major social groups are the Sinhala-speakers (74%) and the Tamil-speakers (18%). In 1956, an Act was passed to recognize Sinhala as the only official language, thus disregarding Tamil. Due to this, and other reasons, the relations between the Sinhala and the Tamil communities got strained over time.

34. The table below shows the estimated number of workers in India in the organised and unorganised sectors. Read the table carefully and answer the questions that follow :

1. Which is the most important sector that provides most jobs to the people ?
2. What is the number of persons engaged in the unorganised sector ?
3. Why is the unorganised sector more important ? Give one
4. Which is the most important organised sector ? Give one [5]

Ans :

1. The primary sector is the most important sector that provides most jobs to the
2. The number of person engaged in the unorganised sector is 370
3. Unorganised sector is more important because it provides employment to a far greater number of people (93%), specially from lower strata of society, when compared to those employed by the organised
4. Tertiary sector is the backbone which further boosts the growth of primary and secondary sectors. For example, infrastructure and communication help in smooth flow of goods and services across the

Section D

MAP SKILL BASED QUESTION

35(a) Two places (A) and (B) have  been  marked  on the given outline map of India. Identify them and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them

1. The place where the Indian congress session was held in december
2. The place where Gandhi ji arganized satyagraha with cotton textil mill

35 (b) On the same outline map of India locate and label any four of the following with suitable

1. Namroop-Thermal power plant
2. Narora-Atomic power plant
3. Mumbai-Cotton textile Industry center
4. Durgapur-Iron and steel plant
5. Noida-Software technology park
6. Kandala-Major see port

Ans :